特斯拉—交流電英雄
Никола Тесла
離開愛迪生的公司後，特斯拉於 1886 年創立了自己的公司 Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing。但沒過多久，投資者就反對特斯拉的交流發電機計劃並解雇了他。從 1886 年到 1887 年，特斯拉在紐約打零工以維持生計。幸運的是，他後來找到了兩個贊助商，Alfred S. Brown 和 Charles Peck，讓他重返工程界。 1887年，他組裝了第一台無刷交流感應電動機，並於1888年為美國電氣和電子工程師協會演示。同年，他開發了特斯拉線圈，並開始為喬治·威斯汀豪斯工作。 1888年7月，西屋公司將特斯拉的多相交流感應電機和變壓器專利授權給了特斯拉，並聘請特斯拉作為顧問在西屋公司的匹茲堡實驗室工作了一年。西屋公司還購買了 Lucien Gaulard 和 John Dixon Gibbs 的交流變壓器專利。與此同時，特斯拉獲得了感應電機的美國專利，（雖然它是由意大利物理學家和電氣工程師伽利略·費拉里斯發明的，但費拉里斯認為他的旋轉磁場理論和他開發的新產品在科學上的有效價值遠非超過了物質價值，所以他特意沒有為自己的發明申請專利，而是在實驗室向公眾展示了這些最新成果。）解決了機器不能使用交流電的問題。這時，愛迪生驚慌失措。為了對抗對手發明的交流電系統，愛迪生用交流電電死了狗，讓公眾對交流電產生了危險的印象。最後，愛迪生甚至參與了使用交流電的電椅的研發。一時間，公眾對西屋公司推廣的交流電產生了不好的印象。愛迪生真是個狠角色！
雖然愛迪生極力壓制，但事實證明，交流電才是適合社會的供電系統。由於長距離傳輸直流電會不斷流失，因此必須每隔一段距離增加一個電站。它可以通過變壓器升壓到非常高的電壓，用細線發送，然後降低到目的地的電力用戶。 1889年，匈牙利工程師奧托·布拉西發明了交流電的電錶，解決了用電量的確定問題。 1889年愛迪生離開公司後，愛迪生的公司也開始發展交流電。 1893年的世界博覽會（即芝加哥哥倫布紀念博覽會），世界上第一個為電子展品開闢了展區的博覽會。特斯拉和喬治。西屋公司用交流電照亮展會，並用它向參觀者介紹交流電。電力之戰最終以交流電的勝利告終。
https://pb.ps-taiwan.org/catalog/ins.php?index_m1_id=2&index_id=91
Nikola Tesla Quotes
“The mind is sharper and keener in seclusion and uninterrupted solitude. No big laboratory is needed in which to think. Originality thrives in seclusion free of outside influences beating upon us to cripple the creative mind. Be alone, that is the secret of invention; be alone, that is when ideas are born.”
“孤獨使頭腦更加敏銳。 思考不需要大實驗室。 獨創性在沒有外界影響削弱我們的創造力的情況下茁壯成長。 獨處，那是發明的秘訣； 獨處，是想法誕生的時候。”
“Everyone should consider his body as a priceless gift from one whom he loves above all, a marvelous work of art, of indescribable beauty, and mystery beyond human conception, and so delicate that a word, a breath, a look, nay, a thought may injure it.”
“Of all the frictional resistances, the one that most retards human movement is ignorance, what Buddha called ‘the greatest evil in the world.’ The friction which results from ignorance can be reduced only by the spread of knowledge and the unification of the heterogeneous elements of humanity. No effort could be better spent.”
“…instinct is something which transcends knowledge. We have, undoubtedly, certain finer fibers that enable us to perceive truths when logical deduction, or any other willful effort of the brain, is futile.”
“The gift of mental power comes from God, Divine Being, and if we concentrate our minds on that truth, we become in tune with this great power.”
“Our virtues and our failings are inseparable, like force and matter. When they separate, man is no more.”
“Our senses enable us to perceive only a minute portion of the outside world. Our hearing extends to a small distance. Our sight is impeded by intervening bodies and shadows. To know each other we must reach beyond the sphere of our sense perceptions.”
“What we now want most is closer contact and better understanding between individuals and communities all over the earth and the elimination of that fanatic devotion to exalted ideals of national egoism and pride, which is always prone to plunge the world into primeval barbarism and strife.”
“…a new world must be born, a world that would justify the sacrifices offered by humanity. This new world must be a world in which there shall be no exploitation of the weak by the strong, of the good by the evil; where there will be no humiliation of the poor by the violence of the rich; where the products of intellect, science and art will serve society for the betterment and beautification of life, and not the individuals for achieving wealth. This new world shall not be a world of the downtrodden and humiliated, but of free men and free nations, equal in dignity and respect for man.”
“Knowledge comes from the universe, our vision is its most perfect set. We have two eyes: the earthly and spiritual. It is recommended that it become one eye.”
“Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point in the universe. This idea is not novel… We find it in the delightful myth of Antheus, who derives power from the earth; we find it among the subtle speculations of one of your splendid mathematicians… Throughout space there is energy. Is this energy static or kinetic.? If static our hopes are in vain; if kinetic — and this we know it is, for certain — then it is a mere question of time when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork of nature.”
“在許多世代過去之前，我們的機器將由宇宙中任何一點都可以獲得的力量驅動。 這個想法並不新奇……我們在令人愉快的 安修斯 神話中找到了它，他從大地中獲得力量； 我們在你們一位傑出的數學家的微妙推測中找到了它……在整個空間中都有能量。 這種能量是靜態的還是動態的。？ 如果一成不變，我們的希望就會落空； 如果是動力學的——我們肯定知道這一點——那麼人類何時能夠成功地將他們的機器連接到自然的車輪上只是時間問題。”
“My belief is firm in a law of compensation. The true rewards are ever in proportion to the labour and sacrifices made.”
“我堅信賠償法。 真正的回報永遠與付出的勞動和犧牲成正比。”
“The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly. One must be sane to think clearly, but one can think deeply and be quite insane.”
“For ages this idea has been proclaimed in the consummately wise teachings of religion, probably not alone as a means of insuring peace and harmony among men, but as a deeply founded truth. The Buddhist expresses it in one way, the Christian in another, but both say the same: We are all one.”
“Let the future tell the truth, and evaluate each one according to his work and accomplishments. The present is theirs; the future, for which I have really worked, is mine.”
